Cervical cancer is an uncommon type of cancer that develops in a woman's cervix. The cervix is the entrance to the womb from the vagina. Cervical cancer often has no symptoms in its early stages. If you have symptoms, the most common is unusual vaginal bleeding, which can occur after sex, in-between periods or after the menopause.
Cervical cancer is unlike most other cancers as it is caused by environmental factors. In almost all cases of cervical cancer, it is caused by persistent HPV. HPV is a very common infection that four out of five sexually active adults will come into contact with in their lives, without any symptoms. HPV is a very common virus, which is why it is so important to attend your regular cervical screening.
In most cases, vaginal bleeding is the first noticeable symptom of cervical cancer. It usually occurs after having sex. Bleeding at any other time, other than your expected monthly period, is also considered unusual. This includes bleeding after the menopause
Because of the success of the NHS screening programme, cervical cancer is now an uncommon type of cancer in the UK. It's possible for women of all ages to develop cervical cancer, although the condition mainly affects sexually active women between the ages of 30 and 45. The condition is very rare in women under 25
Smear Test
A small sample of cells is taken from the cervix and checked under a microscope for abnormalities. This test is commonly referred to as a cervical smear test. An abnormal smear test does not mean you definitely have cancer, as most abnormal results are caused by an infection or the presence of treatable precancerous cells rather than cancer itself. It is recommended that women who are between the ages of 25 and 49 are screened every three years, and women between the ages of 50 and 64 are screened every five years. You should be sent a letter telling you when your screening appointment is due. Contact your GP if you think that you may be overdue for a screening appointment.
Helpful tips before your cervical screening
• Do not have sexual intercourse 24 hours before your screening as sperm, spermicidal gel, and lubricants may make it difficult to get a good sample of cells from the cervix.
• If vaginal pessaries have been prescribed to treat an infection then postpone your screening for at least a week after the treatment has finished. If you are using a vaginal oestrogen cream for menopause symptoms, do not apply it on the day of your screening.
• Do not douche or use a tampon for at least two days before your screening.
• The sample taker should cover you with a paper towel – however, you can always wear a skirt or bring a scarf if you want to cover yourself up.
• The more relaxed you are, the less discomfort you will feel.
• You can bring a family member or friend with you for moral support.
Cervical screening in summary
• Remember an abnormal screening result rarely means cancer
• Between 90 and 94% of all screening results are negative
• Having regular cervical screening offers the best protection against developing cervical cancer
• Cervical screening is free and you should receive your invitation to attend for regular screening from your GP
• Each year around five million women in the UK are called for cervical screening. Cervical screening saves 5000 lives
• If you are feeling anxious beforehand ask a member of your family or friend to accompany you. Your GP or Practice nurse will be happy to talk through any anxieties that you have prior to your cervical screening appointment.
